Groundnut cake, also known as peanut cake or peanut meal, is the by-product obtained after the extraction of oil from groundnuts (peanuts). It is a protein-rich feed ingredient commonly used in livestock and poultry diets. Groundnut cake is obtained by crushing groundnuts to extract groundnut oil, leaving behind a solid residue. This residue, or cake, contains residual oil, protein, fiber, and other nutrients that make it a valuable source of nutrition for animals.

Groundnut cake is often used as a protein supplement in animal feed due to its high protein content. It is rich in essential amino acids, making it a valuable source of protein for livestock and poultry. Additionally, groundnut cake also contains carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, providing a well-balanced feed option for animals.

This by-product is widely used in animal nutrition to improve growth, muscle development, milk production, and overall health. However, it should be used in appropriate quantities and balanced with other feed ingredients to avoid any adverse effects. Groundnut cake can be used in its raw form or can be further processed into pellets or meal for convenient feeding.

Overall, groundnut cake is a sustainable and cost-effective feed option that benefits animal nutrition and enhances livestock and poultry productivity.

Benefits of Groundnut Cake:

• High Protein Content: Groundnut cake is a rich source of protein, making it an excellent protein supplement for livestock and poultry diets.
• Essential Amino Acids: It contains essential amino acids, which are crucial for animal growth, muscle development, and overall health.
• Energy Source: Groundnut cake provides a good amount of energy through carbohydrates, supporting the energy needs of animals.
• Fiber Content: It contains dietary fiber, which aids in digestion and supports gastrointestinal health in animals.
• Vitamins and Minerals: Groundnut cake contains vitamins and minerals that contribute to the overall nutritional balance of animal feed.
• Cost-Effective Feed Option: Groundnut cake is a cost-effective feed ingredient, providing quality nutrition at a reasonable price.

Drawbacks of Groundnut Cake:

• High Nitrogen Content: Groundnut cake is a rich source of nitrogen, and excessive application to the soil can lead to nitrogen overload. This can cause rapid plant growth and lush foliage, but it may result in reduced fruiting and delayed maturation of crops.
• Imbalanced Nutrient Ratio: Groundnut cake may have a high nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio, which can lead to phosphorus deficiency in the soil. Phosphorus is essential for root development, flower and fruit formation, and overall plant growth. An imbalance in nutrient ratios can negatively impact crop health and yield.
• Salinity Concerns: Some groundnut cakes may have a high salt content, which can contribute to soil salinity issues. Elevated salt levels can harm soil structure and hinder water absorption, affecting plant growth and root development.
• Risk of Pathogens: Groundnut cake is a residue of oil extraction, and if it is not properly processed or stored, it can become a breeding ground for pathogens and harmful microorganisms. Applying contaminated groundnut cake to the soil can lead to disease outbreaks and affect soil health.
  pH Imbalance: Groundnut cake may alter the soil pH due to its nutrient composition. Excessive use of groundnut cake can cause the soil to become acidic, which is unfavorable for many crops that prefer neutral or slightly acidic pH levels.
• Nutrient Leaching: The high water-soluble nitrogen content in groundnut cake can be susceptible to leaching, especially in areas with heavy rainfall or excessive irrigation. This can result in nutrient loss and reduced nutrient availability for plants.
• Slow Decomposition: Groundnut cake may decompose slowly in the soil, especially if it is not well-incorporated into the soil. Slow decomposition can lead to the accumulation of organic matter on the soil surface, affecting soil aeration and water infiltration.

Contents and Nutrients in Groundnut Cake (Approximate values per 100kg):

• Organic Matter: Groundnut cake is a rich source of organic matter, providing approximately 85-90 kg per 100 kg. Organic matter is essential for improving soil structure, water retention, and nutrient holding capacity.
• Nitrogen: Groundnut cake contains around 4-5 kg of nitrogen per 100 kg. Nitrogen is a crucial nutrient for plant growth and is released slowly from the organic matter in the cake, promoting sustained plant development.
• Phosphorus: It provides about 1-2 kg of phosphorus per 100 kg. Phosphorus is vital for root development, flower and fruit formation, and overall plant energy transfer.
• Potassium: Groundnut cake offers approximately 2-3 kg of potassium per 100 kg. Potassium plays a significant role in regulating plant metabolic processes and enhancing stress tolerance.
• Calcium: It contains around 1-2 kg of calcium per 100 kg. Calcium is essential for maintaining soil structure and promoting root health in plants.
• Magnesium: Groundnut cake provides approximately 0.5-1 kg of magnesium per 100 kg. Magnesium is necessary for chlorophyll formation and photosynthesis in plants.
• Sulfur: It contains about 0.5-1 kg of sulfur per 100 kg. Sulfur is essential for protein synthesis and enzyme activity in plants.
• Micronutrients: Groundnut cake may also contain trace amounts of micronutrients like iron, zinc, copper, and manganese, which are crucial for various biochemical processes in plants.

How to Check the Quality of Groundnut Cake:

• Smell and Odor: High-quality groundnut cake should have a characteristic nutty smell without any foul or rancid odor.
• Color and Appearance: The cake should have a uniform dark brown to black color and should be free from mold or visible impurities.
• Protein Content: Request a nutrient analysis from the manufacturer to verify the protein content, as it is a crucial indicator of quality.
• Oil Content: Check for a reasonable residual oil content; excessive oil indicates poor extraction and lower protein content.
• Texture: The cake should be finely ground and free from lumps or foreign materials.
• Manufacturer Reputation: Purchase groundnut cake from reputable suppliers or manufacturers known for producing quality feed ingredients.